Rice

It is part of the chlorophyll molecule and is necessary for carrying out photosynthesis. It acts as a component of protein-forming essential amino acid molecules, it is directly responsible for increasing the protein content in grains.

In the specific case of rice, in addition to promoting increased plant growth. It helps in the expansion of the leaf area, improves the interception of solar radiation, promotes a higher photosynthetic rate, which will favor greater production.

Deficiency – Characterized by yellowing of the older leaves and, depending on the intensity and evolution of the deficiency, it can affect the entire plant. The blades of the lower leaves die, leaving the tissue with a brown color.

It plays a central role in energy transfer and protein metabolism. Increases the number of panicles.

Increases grain mass. Helps in the grain maturation process. Increases root system growth. Helps in improving grain quality. 

Deficiency – Appears on old leaves. Phosphorus deficiency reduces tillering and prolongs the crop cycle. Older leaves are bronzed, especially on the margins. The symptom progresses from the tip to the base and the new leaves acquire a dark green color. It causes a reduction in growth, tillering, in the root system and, consequently, in productivity.

Important enzymatic activator, regulator of stomata opening and closing. Tissue turgidity regulator. Contributes to protein and carbohydrate synthesis. It helps in the transport of substances elaborated in the leaves to other organs. 

Prevents excessive breathing. It increases the plant’s resistance to frost, drought, salinity, lodging and certain pests and diseases.

Deficiency – Causes reduced plant growth. Symptoms first appear as white chlorosis on the tips of older leaves. As the degree of deficiency intensifies, the tissue becomes brown and necrotic at the leaf tip and the symptom progresses along the leaf margin, developing further in the middle of the leaf.

It interferes with cell division, maintenance of membrane integrity, and neutralization of toxic acids. 

Deficiency – Appears on younger leaves. Terminal leaves die as the deficiency increases, causing severe plant stunting. As the deficiency persists, older leaves develop reddish-brown necrosis on the veins.

Component of the chlorophyll molecule and activator of several enzymatic reactions. 

Deficiency – Appears in older leaves, with a yellowish color and, later, the area between the leaf veins becomes orange. When the deficiency spreads over the entire leaf, it is completely dry.

Constituents of amino acids and proteins involved in photosynthesis.

Deficiency – Begins on the youngest leaves that turn greenish-yellow. As the deficiency intensifies, almost all of them become dry.

Activator of several enzymes, which enter into reactions in the plant, such as chlorophyll formation, electron transport in photosynthesis and protein synthesis. 

Deficiency – It begins with an interveinal chlorosis of the youngest leaves. Over time, the entire plant becomes straw-yellow.

Carrier of electrons in photosynthesis, being essential in the formation of chlorophyll. 

Deficiency – Interveinal chlorosis appears, with prominent veins. Yellowish interveinal lines, more or less of the same width, are observed. With the evolution of the deficiency, the interveinal tissue becomes necrotic, with a brownish color.

Required in the AIA (cell volume promoter) synthesis pathway. It acts as an inhibitor of ribonuclease activity (cell multiplication).

Deficiency – Begins with a whitish green coloration that develops in the tissue at the base of the leaf on either side of the midrib. The leaf blade has a prominent flare in the chlorosis zone. As the leaf becomes older, the chlorotic tissue acquires a rusty color.

The leaf margins, in the ferruginous area, are usually green. Younger, developing leaves have white chlorotic tissue that, as the deficiency progresses, turn rusty brown. The plant’s growth is stunted and the leaves, which are rusty in color, become prominent in later stages.

Activator of oxide-reduction enzymes. 

Deficiency – Younger leaves appear blue-green, becoming chlorotic near the tips. Chlorosis develops downwards along the midrib on both sides, followed by dark brown necrosis of the tips.

The leaves curl, maintaining the appearance of needles along their entire length or, occasionally, in the middle of the leaf, with the final base developing normally.

Participates in cell division and elongation. It acts on the fertility and germination of pollen grains. 

 It participates in the translocation of sugars in the leaves to other organs. 

Deficiency – Starts on new leaves or shoots. The tips of emerging leaves turn white and curl, as in the case of calcium deficiency. In severe cases, the growing spots can die.